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Complex ion formation by d block element and transition element
d block and transition elements forms complex ion. This can be explain by valence bond theory. Ligand that have lone pair electron strongly effect on central atoms d orbital if d orbitals unpaired electron can be maximum paired with opposite spin. For that reason there will create unoccupied blank orbital. These blank orbital will mixed with each other and form hybrid orbital. These hybrid orbital will be capable to receive electron donated from lone pair electron of ligand. Therefore, there will be create a coordinate bond between ligand and central atom. With this mechanism d block elements and transition elements forms complex ion.
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